1968 in science: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

The year 1968 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.

See also: 1967 in science, other events of 1968, 1969 in science, and the list of years in science.

Astronomy

• Neutron stars; Thomas Gold explains the recently discovered radio pulsars as rapidly rotating neutron stars and subsequent observations confirm the suggestion (T. Gold, Nature 218, 731-732, 1968)

• October 11 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Don Fulton Eisele and R. Walter Cunningham aboard. Goals for the mission include the first live television broadcast from orbit and testing the lunar module docking maneuver.
• December 24 - Apollo 8 enters moon orbit. Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and William A. Anders are the first humans to see the far side of the moon and planet earth as a whole.

• January 2 - Dr. Christian Barnard performs the first successful heart transplant.

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics - Luis Alvarez
  • Chemistry - Lars Onsager
  • Medicine - Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
• Turing Award - Richard Hamming

• March 27 - Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space (and the first to orbit the Earth)
• April 1 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist