Kaprekar number: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

In mathematics, a Kaprekar number is a number that, in a given base, when squared, can be split into two numbers with the same number of digits as the original number which add up to the original number again. For example, the 3-digit number 703 is a Kaprekar number, because 703² = 494209, because 494209 can be split into 494 and 209, and because 494 + 209 = 703.

The first few Kaprekar numbers are (for more terms, see OEIS A006886):

1, 9, 45, 55, 99, 297, 703, 999, 2223, 2728, 4879, 4950, 5050, 5292, 7272, 7777, 9999, 17344, 22222, 38962, 77778, 82656, 95121, 99999, 142857, 148149, 181819, 187110, 208495, 318682, 329967, 351352, 356643, 390313, 461539, 466830, 499500, 500500, 533170

References

• D. R. Kaprekar, On Kaprekar numbers, J. Rec. Math., 13 (1980-1981), 81-82.
• M. Charosh, Some Applications of Casting Out 999...'s, Journal of Recreational Mathematics 14, 1981-82, pp. 111-118
• Douglas E. Iannucci, The Kaprekar Numbers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 3 (2000), http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/JIS/VOL3/iann2a.html