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Anton Pannekoek (January 2 1873 – April 28 1960) was a Dutch astronomer and Marxist theorist. He is sometimes known as Antonie Pannekoek.
As a recognized Marxist theorist, Pannekoek was one of the founders of the council communist tendency and a main figure in the radical left in the Netherlands and Germany. He was known for his writing on workers' councils.
He was director of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Amsterdam, which was named after him after his death.
He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1951. He wrote the book A History of Astronomy. He worked extensively in galactic structure, astrophysics and the history of astronomy.