| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Length, l
|
| metre (SI base unit) |
m |
≡ m |
| Fermi |
fm |
≡ 10-15 m = 1 fm |
| x unit; siegbahn |
xu |
≈ 1.0021×10-13 m |
| stigma |
|
≡ 1×10-12 m = 1 pm |
| Bohr radius |
a0; b |
≡ α/(4πR∞) ≈ 5.291 772 083×10-11 ± 19×10-20 m |
| atomic unit of length |
au |
≡ a0 ≈ 5.291 772 083×10-11 ± 19×10-20 m |
| ångström |
Å |
≡ 10-10m = 0.1 nm |
| micron |
μ |
≡ 10-6m = 1 μm |
| twip |
twp |
≡ 1/1440 in ≈ 1.763 889×10-5 m |
| mil; thou |
mil |
≡ 10-3 in = 2.54×10-5 m |
| mickey |
|
≡ 1/200 in = 1.27×10-4 m |
| calibre |
cal |
≡ 1/100 in = 0.254 mm |
| point (ATA) |
pt |
≡ 0.013837 in = 0.351 459 8 mm |
| point (PostScript) |
pt |
≡ 1/72 in ≈ 0.352 778 mm |
| point (metric) |
pt |
≡ 3/8 mm = 0.375 mm |
| point (Didot; European) |
pt |
≡ 0.376 065 mm |
| line |
ln |
≡ 1/12 in ≈ 2.116 667 mm |
| line (Paris) ["ligne"] |
l |
≡ 1/12 p = 1/443.296 m ≈ 2.255 829 mm |
| line (Québec) ["ligne"] |
l (Qc) |
≡ 1/12 p (Qc) = 2.255 837 5 mm |
| barley corn |
|
≡ 1/3 in ≈ 8.466 667 mm |
| finger |
|
≡ 7/8 in = 22.225 mm |
| inch |
in |
≡ 0.0254 m = 25.4 mm |
| inch (Paris) ["pouce"] |
p |
≡ 1/12 P = 1/(36 + 11.296/12) m ≈ 27.069 949 mm |
| inch (Québec) ["pouce"] |
p (Qc) |
≡ 1/12 P (Qc) = 27.070 05 mm |
| stick |
|
≡ 2 in = 50.8 mm |
| nail (cloth) |
|
≡ 2 1/4 in = 57.15 mm |
| palm |
|
≡ 3 in = 76.2 mm |
| hand |
|
≡ 4 in = 0.1016 m |
| finger (cloth) |
|
≡ 4 1/2 in = 0.1143 m |
| span |
|
≡ 6 in = 0.1524 m |
| link (Gunter's) |
lnk |
≡ 66/100 ft = 0.201 168 m |
| span (cloth) |
|
≡ 9 in = 0.2286 m |
| quarter |
|
≡ 1/4 yd = 0.2286 m |
| link (Ramden's; Engineer's) |
lnk |
≡ 1 ft = 0.3048 m |
| foot (Clarke's; Cape) |
ft (Cla) |
≈ 0.304 797 265 4 m |
| foot (Sear's) |
ft (Sear) |
≈ 0.304 799 47 m |
| foot (Indian) |
ft Ind |
≈ 0.304 799 514 m |
| foot (Benoît) |
ft (Ben) |
≈ 0.304 799 735 m |
| foot |
ft |
≡ 12 in = 0.3048 m |
| foot (American; U.S. Survey) |
ft (US) |
≡ 1200/3937 m ≈ 0.304 800 610 m |
| foot (Paris) ["pied"] |
P |
≡ 1/(3 + 11.296/144) m ≈ 0.324 839 385 m |
| foot (Québec) ["pied"] |
P (Qc) |
≡ 1.06575 ft = 0.324 840 6 m |
| cubit |
|
≡ 18 in = 0.4572 m |
| pace |
|
≡ 2 1/2 ft = 0.762 m |
| yard |
yd |
≡ 3 ft = 0.9144 m |
| ell |
ell |
≡ 45 in = 1.143 m |
| fathom |
fm |
≡ 6 ft = 1.8288 m
(sometimes ≡ 1/1000 NM = 1.852 m) |
| rod; pole; perch |
rd |
≡ 16 1/2 ft = 5.0292 m |
| rope |
rope |
≡ 20 ft = 6.096 m |
| chain (Gunter's) |
ch |
≡ 66 ft = 20.1168 m |
| chain (Ramden's; Engineer's) |
ch |
≡ 100 ft = 30.48 m |
| arpent (Paris) |
arp |
≡ 180 P = 25 920/443.296 m ≈ 58.471 089 m |
| arpent (Québec) |
arp (Qc) |
≡ 180 P (Qc) = 58.471 308 m |
| cable length (International) |
|
≡ 1/10 NM = 185.2 m |
| cable length (Imperial) |
|
≡ 608 ft = 185.3184 m |
| furlong |
fur |
≡ 660 ft = 201.168 m |
| cable length (U.S.) |
|
≡ 720 ft = 219.456 m |
| mile |
mi |
≡ 1760 yd = 5280 ft = 1609.344 m |
| mile (American; Statute; U.S. Survey) |
mi |
≡ 5280 ft (US) = 5280×1200/3937 m ≈ 1609.347 219 m |
| nautical mile |
NM; nm |
≡ 1852 m |
| nautical mile (Admiralty) |
NM (Adm); nm (Adm) |
≡ 6080 ft = 1853.184 m |
| geographical mile |
mi |
≡ 6082 ft = 1853.7936 m |
| telegraph mile |
mi |
≡ 6087 ft = 1855.3176 m |
| league |
lea |
≡ 3 mi = 4828.032 m |
| statute league |
lea |
≡ 3 mi (US) ≈ 4828.041 656 m |
| nautical league |
NL; nl |
≡ 3 NM = 5556 m |
| light-second |
|
≡ 2.997 924 58×108 m |
| light-minute |
|
≡ 60 light-seconds = 1.798 754 748×1010 m |
| astronomical unit |
AU |
= 149 597 870.691 ± 0.030 km |
| spat |
S |
≡ 1012 m = 1 Tm |
| light-hour |
|
≡ 60 light-minutes = 1.079 252 848 8×1012 m |
| light-day |
|
≡ 24 light-hours = 2.590 206 837 12×1013 m |
| light-year |
l.y. |
≡ c0×86 400×365.25
= 9.460 730 472 580 8×1015 m |
| parsec |
pc |
≈ 180×60×60/π AU
≈ 206 264.806 25 AU
= 3.261 563 776 9 ± 6×10-10 light-years
= 3.085 677 581 3×1016 ± 6×106 m |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Area, A
|
| square metre (SI unit) |
m² |
≡ 1 m × 1 m |
| barn |
b |
≡ 10-28 m² |
| circular mil; circular thou |
circ mil |
≡ π/4 mil² ≈ 5.067 075×10-10 m² |
| square mil; square thou |
sq mil |
≡ 1 mil² = 6.4516×10-10 m² |
| circular inch |
circ in |
≡ π/4 in² ≈ 5.067 075×10-4 m² |
| square inch |
sq in |
≡ 1 in² = 6.4516×10-4 m² |
| board |
bd |
≡ 1 in × 1 ft = 7.741 92×10-3 m² |
| square link |
sq lnk |
≡ 1 lnk² = 4.046 856 422 4×10-2 m² |
| square foot |
sq ft |
≡ 1 ft² = 9.290 304×10-2 m² |
| square yard |
sq yd |
≡ 1 yd² = 0.836 127 36 m² |
| cord |
|
≡ 192 bd = 1.486 448 64 m² |
| boiler horsepower equivalent direct radiation |
bhp EDR |
≡ 1 sq ft × 1 bhp / 240 BTUIT/h ≈ 12.958 174 m² |
| square rod/pole/perch |
sq rd |
≡ 1 rd² = 25.292 852 64 m² |
| are |
a |
≡ 100 m² |
| square chain |
sq ch |
≡ 1 ch² = 404.685 642 24 m² |
| rood |
ro |
≡ 1/4 ac = 1011.714 105 6 m² |
| acre |
ac |
≡ 10 sq ch = 4840 sq yd = 4046.856 422 4 m² |
| hectare |
ha |
≡ 10 000 m² = 0.01 km² |
| yardland |
|
≡ 30 ac = 1.214 056 926 72×105 m² |
| hide |
|
≡ 100 ac = 4.046 856 422 4×105 m² |
| square kilometre |
km² |
≡ 1 km² = 106 m² |
| square mile; section |
sq mi |
≡ 1 mi² = 2.589 988 110 336×106 m² |
| square statute mile; square U.S. Survey mile |
sq mi |
≡ 1 mi (US)² ≈ 2.589 998×106 m² |
| township |
|
≡ 36 sq mi (US) ≈ 9.323 994×107 m² |
| barony |
|
≡ 4000 ac = 1.618 742 568 96×107 m² |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Volume, V
|
| cubic metre (SI unit) |
m³ |
≡ 1 |
| litre |
L |
≡ 1 dm³ |
| lambda |
λ |
≡ 1 mm³ = 1 μL |
| dram (Imperial fluid); Imperial fluidram |
fl dr |
≡ 1/8 fl oz = 3.551 632 812 5 mL |
| dram (U.S. fluid); U.S. fluidram |
fl dr |
≡ 1/8 US fl oz = 3.696 691 195 312 5 mL |
| teaspoon (Canadian) |
tsp |
≡ 1/6 fl oz ≈ 4.735 510 416 667 mL |
| teaspoon (U.S.) |
tsp |
≡ 1/6 US fl oz = 4.928 921 593 75 mL |
| teaspoon (metric) |
|
≡ 5 mL |
| tablespoon (Canadian) |
tbsp |
≡ 1/2 fl oz = 14.206 531 25 mL |
| tablespoon (U.S.) |
tbsp |
≡ 1/2 US fl oz = 14.786 764 781 25 mL |
| tablespoon (metric) |
|
≡ 15 mL |
| cubic inch |
cu in |
≡ 1 in³ = 16.387 064 mL |
| tablespoon (Imperial) |
tbsp |
≡ 5/8 fl oz = 17.758 164 062 5 mL |
| fluid ounce (Imperial) |
fl oz (Imp) |
≡ 1/160 gal (Imp) = 28.413 062 5 mL |
| fluid ounce (U.S.) |
fl oz (US) |
≡ 1/128 gal (US) = 29.573 529 562 5 mL |
| pint (U.S. fluid) |
pt (US fl) |
≡ 1/8 gal (US) = 473.176 473 mL |
| pint (U.S. dry) |
pt (US dry) |
≡ 1/4 bu (US lvl) = 550.610 471 357 5 mL |
| pint (Imperial) |
pt (Imp) |
≡ 1/8 gal (Imp) = 568.261 25 mL |
| quart (U.S. fluid) |
qt (US) |
≡ 1/4 gal (US fl) = 0.946 352 946 L |
| quart (U.S. dry) |
qt (US) |
≡ 1/32 bu (US lvl) = 1/4 gal (US dry) = 1.101 220 942 715 L |
| quart (Imperial) |
qt (Imp) |
≡ 1/4 gal (Imp) = 1.136 522 5 L |
| gallon (U.S. fluid) |
gal (US) |
≡ 231 cu in = 3.785 411 784 L |
| gallon (U.S. dry) |
gal (US) |
≡ 1/8 bu (US lvl) = 4.404 883 770 86 L |
| gallon (Imperial) |
gal (Imp) |
≡ 4.546 09 L |
| cubic foot |
cu ft |
≡ 1728 cu in = 28.316 846 592 L |
| bushel (U.S. dry level) |
bu (US lvl) |
≡ 2150.42 cu in = 35.239 070 166 88 L |
| bushel (Imperial) |
bu (Imp) |
≡ 8 gal (Imp) = 36.368 72 L |
| bushel (U.S. dry heaped) |
bu (US) |
≡ 1 1/4 bu (US lvl) = 44.048 837 708 6 L |
| barrel (U.S. oil) |
bl |
≡ 42 gal (US) = 158.987 294 928 L |
| barrel (Imperial) |
bl (Imp) |
≡ 36 gal (Imp) = 163.659 24 L |
| cubic yard |
cu yd |
≡ 27 cu ft = 0.764 554 857 984 m³ |
| freight ton |
|
≡ 40 cu ft = 1.132 673 863 68 m³ |
| load |
|
≡ 50 cu ft = 1.415 842 329 6 m³ |
| register ton |
|
≡ 100 cu ft = 2.831 684 659 2 m³ |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Time, t
|
| second |
s |
(SI base unit) |
| Planck time |
|
≡ √Gh/c5 ≈ 1.351 211 818×10-43 s |
| atomic unit of time |
au |
≡ a0/(α·c) ≈ 2.418 884 254×10-17 s |
| svedberg |
S |
≡ 10-13 s = 100 fs |
| shake |
|
≡ 10-8 s = 10 ns |
| sigma |
|
≡ 10-6 s = 1 μs |
| jiffy |
|
≡ 1/60 s ≈ 16.666 667 ms (sometimes ≡ 1/100 s = 10 ms) |
| minute |
min |
≡ 60 s |
| hour |
h |
≡ 60 min = 3600 s |
| day |
d |
≡ 24 h = 86 400 s |
| week |
wk |
≡ 7 d = 604 800 s |
| fortnight |
|
≡ 2 wk = 1 209 600 s |
| month (hollow) |
mo |
≡ 29 d = 2 505 600 s |
| month (full) |
mo |
≡ 30 d = 2 592 000 s |
| year (Calendar) |
a |
≡ 365 d = 31 536 000 s |
| year (Gregorian) |
a |
≡ 365.2425 d = 31 556 952 s |
| year (Julian) |
a |
≡ 365.25 d = 31 557 600 s |
| lustre; lustrum |
|
≡ 5 a of 365 d = 1.5768×108 s |
| octaeteris |
|
≡ 8 a of 365 d = 2.522 88×108 s |
| decade |
|
≡ 10 a of 365 d = 3.1536×108 s |
| enneadecaeteris; Metonic cycle |
|
≡ 110 mo (hollow) + 125 mo (full) = 19 a of 365 d = 5.996 16×108 s |
| Callippic cycle |
|
≡ 441 mo (hollow) + 499 mo (full) = 76 a of 365.25 d = 2.398 377 6×109 s |
| century (Calendar) |
|
≡ 100 a of 365 d = 3.1536×109 s |
| century (Julian) |
|
≡ 100 a of 365.25 d = 3.155 76×109 s |
| Hipparchic cycle |
|
≡ 4 Callippic cycles - 1 d = 9.593 424×109 s |
| millennium (Calendar) |
|
≡ 1000 a of 365 d = 3.1536×1010 s |
| millennium (Gregorian) |
|
≡ 1000 a of 365.2425 d = 3.155 695 2×1010 s |
| millennium (Julian) |
|
≡ 1000 a of 365.25 d = 3.155 76×1010 s |
| Sothic cycle |
|
≡ 1461 a of 365 d = 4.607 409 6×1010 s |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Pressure, P
|
| pascal (SI unit) |
Pa |
≡ N/m² = kg/m·s² |
| barye (cgs unit) |
|
≡ 1 dyn/cm² = 0.1 Pa |
| poundal per square foot |
pdl/sq ft |
≡ 1 pdl/sq ft ≈ 1.488 164 Pa |
| millimetre of water (4°C) |
mmH2O |
≡ 1000 kg/m³ × 1 mm × g = 9.806 65 Pa (= 1 kgf/m²) |
| pound per square foot |
psf |
≡ 1 lb/sq ft × g ≈ 47.880 259 Pa |
| centimetre of water (4°C) |
cmH2O |
≡ 1000 kg/m³ × 1 cm × g = 98.0665 Pa |
| torr |
torr |
≡ (101 325/760) Pa ≈ 133.322 Pa |
| millimetre of mercury (conventional) |
mmHg |
≈ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 mm × g ≈ 133.322 Pa (= 1 torr) |
| inch of water (4°C) |
inH2O |
≡ 1000 kg/m³ × 1 in × g = 249.088 91 Pa |
| pièze (mts unit) |
pz |
≡ 1000 kg/m·s² = 1 kPa |
| centimetre of mercury |
cmHg |
≈ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 cm × g ≈ 1.333 224 kPa (= 10 torr) |
| foot of water (4°C) |
ftH2O |
≡ 1000 kg/m³ × 1 ft × g = 2.989 066 92 kPa |
| inch of mercury |
inHg |
≈ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 in × g ≈ 3.386 388 kPa |
| pound per square inch |
psi |
≡ 1 lb × g / 1 sq in ≈ 6.894 757×103 Pa |
| foot of mercury |
ftHg |
≈ 13 595.1 kg/m³ × 1 ft × g ≈ 40.636 658 kPa |
| ton per square foot |
|
≡ 1 sh tn × g / 1 sq ft ≈ 95.760 518 kPa |
| atmosphere (technical) |
atm |
≡ 1 kgf/cm² = 98.0665 kPa |
| bar |
bar |
≡ 105 Pa |
| atmosphere (standard) |
atm |
≡ 101 325 Pa |
| kip per square inch |
ksi |
≡ 1 kip/sq in ≈ 703.069 580 kPa |
| kilogram-force per square millimetre |
kgf/mm² |
≡ 1 kgf/mm² = 9.806 65 MPa |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Energy, E
|
| joule (SI unit) |
J |
≡ N·m = kg·m²/s² |
| electronvolt |
eV |
≡ e × 1 V = 1/6.241 509 629 152 65×1018 J ≈ 1.602 176×10-19 J |
| rydberg |
Ry |
≡ R∞·h·c ≈ 2.179 872×10-18 J |
| hartree |
Eh |
≡ me·α²·c² ≈ 4.359 744×10-18 J (= 2Ry) |
| atomic unit of energy |
au |
≡ Eh ≈ 4.359 744×10-18 J |
| erg (cgs unit) |
erg |
≡ 1 g·cm²/s² = 10-7 J |
| foot-poundal |
ft pdl |
≡ 1 ft·pdl = 4.214 011 009 380 48×10-2 J |
| cubic centimetre of atmosphere; standard cubic centimetre |
cc atm; scc |
≡ 1 atm × 1 cm³ = 0.101 325 J |
| inch-pound force |
in lbf |
≡ g × 1 lb × 1 in = 0.112 984 829 027 616 7 J |
| foot-pound force |
ft lbf |
≡ g × 1 lb × 1 ft = 1.355 817 948 331 400 4 J |
| calorie (20°C) |
cal20°C |
≈ 4.1819 J |
| calorie (thermochemical) |
calth |
≡ 4.184 J |
| calorie (15°C) |
cal15°C |
≡ 4.1855 J |
| calorie (International Table) |
calIT |
≡ 4.1868 J |
| calorie (mean) |
calmean |
≈ 4.190 02 J |
| calorie (4°C) |
cal4°C |
≈ 4.2045 J |
| litre of atmosphere; standard litre |
l atm; sl |
≡ 1 atm × 1 L = 101.325 J |
| gallon of atmosphere (U.S.) |
gal atm |
≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (US) = 383.556 849 013 8 J |
| gallon of atmosphere (Imperial) |
gal atm |
≡ 1 atm × 1 gal (Imp) = 460.632 569 25 J |
| British thermal unit (thermochemical) |
BTUth |
≡ 1 lb/g × 1 calth × 1 °F/°C ≈ 1.054 350 kJ |
| British thermal unit (59°F) |
BTU59°F |
≡ 1.054 804 kJ |
| British thermal unit (International Table) |
BTUIT |
≡ 1 lb/g × 1 calIT × 1 °F/°C = 1.055 055 852 62 kJ |
| British thermal unit (mean) |
BTUmean |
≈ 1.055 87 kJ |
| Celsius heat unit (International Table) |
CHUIT |
≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 °C/°F = 1.899 100 534 716 kJ |
| cubic foot of atmosphere; standard cubic foot |
cu ft atm; scf |
≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft = 2.869 204 480 934 4 kJ |
| kilocalorie; large calorie |
kcal; Cal |
≡ 1000 calIT = 4.1868 kJ |
| cubic yard of atmosphere; standard cubic yard |
cu yd atm; scy |
≡ 1 atm × 1 cu yd = 77.468 520 985 228 8 kJ |
| cubic foot of natural gas |
|
≡ 1000 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 MJ |
| horsepower-hour |
hph |
≡ 1 hp (electrical imperial) × 1 h = 2.6856 MJ |
| Board of Trade Unit; kilowatt-hour |
B.O.T.U.; kWh |
≡ 1 kW × 1 h = 3.6 MJ |
| thermie |
th |
≡ 1 McalIT = 4.1868 MJ |
| therm (U.S.) |
|
≡ 100 000 BTU59°F = 105.4804 MJ |
| therm (E.C.) |
|
≡ 100 000 BTUIT = 105.505 585 262 MJ |
| ton of TNT |
tTNT |
≡ 1 Gcalth = 4.184 GJ |
| barrel of oil equivalent |
bboe |
≈ 5.8 MBTU59°F ≈ 6.12 GJ |
| ton of coal equivalent |
TCE |
≡ 7 Gcalth = 29.3076 GJ |
| ton of oil equivalent |
TOE |
≡ 10 Gcalth = 41.868 GJ |
| quad |
|
≡ 1015 BTUIT = 1.055 055 852 62 EJ |
| Name of unit |
Symbol |
Relation to SI units |
|
Power, P
|
| watt (SI unit) |
W |
≡ J/s = N·m/s = kg·m²/s³ |
| lusec |
lusec |
≡ 1 L-µmHg/s ≈ 1.333 224×10-4 W |
| foot-pound-force per hour |
ft lbf/h |
≡ 1 ft lbf/h ≈ 3.766 161×10-4 W |
| standard cubic centimetre per minute |
sccm |
≡ 1 atm cm³/min = 1.688 75×10-3 W |
| foot-pound-force per minute |
ft lbf/min |
≡ 1 ft lbf/min = 2.259 696 580 552 334×10-2 W |
| standard cubic centimetre per second |
sccs |
≡ 1 atm cm³/s = 0.101 325 W |
| BTU (International Table) per hour |
BTUIT/h |
≡ 1 BTUIT/h ≈ 0.293 071 W |
| standard cubic foot per hour |
scfh |
≡ 1 atm cu ft/h = 0.797 001 244 704 W |
| foot-pound-force per second |
ft lbf/s |
≡ 1 ft lbf/s = 1.355 817 948 331 400 4 W |
| standard litre per minute |
slpm |
≡ 1 atm L/min = 1.688 75 W |
| calorie (International Table) per second |
calIT/s |
≡ 1 calIT/s = 4.1868 W |
| BTU (International Table) per minute |
BTUIT/min |
≡ 1 BTUIT/min ≈ 17.584 264 W |
| standard cubic foot per minute |
scfm |
≡ 1 atm cu ft/min = 47.820 074 682 24 W |
| square foot equivalent direct radiation |
sq ft EDR |
≡ 240 BTUIT/h ≈ 70.337 057 W |
| standard litre per second |
slps |
≡ 1 atm L/s = 101.325 W |
| horsepower (metric) |
hp |
≡ 75 m kgf/s = 735.498 75 W |
| horsepower (U.S.) |
hp (US) |
≈ 735.7 W |
| horsepower (European electrical) |
hp |
≡ 736 W |
| horsepower (Imperial mechanical) |
hp |
≡ 550 ft lbf/s = 745.699 871 582 270 22 W |
| horsepower (Imperial electrical) |
hp |
≡ 746 W |
| horsepower (water) |
hp (US) |
≈ 746.043 W |
| ton of air conditioning |
|
≡ 1 t × 1005 J/kg × 1 °F/K ÷ 10 min = 844.2 W |
| poncelet |
p |
≡ 100 m kgf/s = 980.665 W |
| BTU (International Table) per second |
BTUIT/s |
≡ 1 BTUIT/s = 1.055 055 852 62×10+3 W |
| standard cubic foot per second |
scfs |
≡ 1 atm cu ft/s = 2.869 204 480 934 4×10+3 W |
| ton of refrigeration (IT) |
|
≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 sh tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s ≈ 3.516 853×10+3 W |
| ton of refrigeration (Imperial) |
|
≡ 1 BTUIT × 1 lng tn/lb ÷ 10 min/s ≈ 3.938 875×10+3 W |
| boiler horsepower |
bhp |
≈ 34.5 lb/h × 970.3 BTUIT/lb ≈ 9.810 657×10+3 W |