Dipterocarpaceae: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)
| Dipterocarpaceae
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Anisoptera |
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 580 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees with two-winged fruits. Many are large forest emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40-70 m tall; they are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, but they are chiefly found in Malesia; one genus (Pakaraimaea) occurs in the Neotropics in Guayana. Some species are now endangered as a result of overcutting and extensive illegal logging. They provide valuable woods, aromatic wood oils, balsam, and resins.
Timbers
The following table associates tree species, wood name and wood color. The term Phillipine red mahogany refers to the wood of trees belonging to the three genera Shorea, Parashorea, and Pentacme.
| Genus & section | Species | Wood name | Wood colour | Wood type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anisoptera | A. cochinchinensis, A. marginata, A. scaphula, A. thurifera and about ten other species | Mersawa | light hardwood | |
| Cotylelobium | C. burckii, C. lanceolatum, C. melanoxylon | Resak | heavy hardwood | |
| Dipterocarpus | D. alatus, D. baudii, D. basilanicus, D. borneensis, D. caudiferus, D. costulatus, D. grandiflorus, D. kerrii, D. tonkinensis, D. verrucosus, D. warburgii, and about 60 other species | Keruing | medium hardwood | |
| Dryobalanops | D. aromatica, D. camphora, D. junghunii, D. kayanensis, D. lanceolata, D. oblongifolia, D. sumatrensis | Kapur, Kapor | medium hardwood | |
| Hopea | H. acuminata, H. beccariana, H. dryobalanoides, H. mengarawan, H. nervosa, H. odorata, H. sangal and other species | Merawan | medium hardwood | |
| Hopea | H. ferrea, H. forbesii, H. helferi, H. nutans, H. semicuneata and other species | Giam | heavy hardwood | |
| Neobalanocarpus | N. heimii | Chengal | heavy hardwood | |
| Parashorea | P. aptera, P. buchananii, P. chinensis, P. densiflora, P. globosa, P. lucida, P. macrophylla, P. malaanonan, P. parvifolia, P. smythiesii, P. stellata, P. tomentella | Gerutu | light hardwood | |
| Parashorea | Parashorea plicata | Bagtikan | grey-brown | |
| Pentacme | P. contorta, P. minandensis | White Lauan | grey to very light red | |
| Shorea sect. Shorea | S. atrinervosa, S. brunnescens, S. crassa, S. exelliptica, S. foxworthyi, S. glauca, S. havilandii, S. laevis, S. leptoderma, S. materialis, S. maxwelliana, S. seminis, S. submontana, S. sumatrana, S. superba | Balau | heavy hardwood | |
| Shorea sect. Almon | S. almon, S. contorta, S. leprosula, S. leptoclados, S. smithiana | Almon | light red to pink | |
| Shorea sect. Anthoshorea | S. assamica, S. assamica, S. bracteolata, S. dealbata, S. hypochra, S. javanica, S. lamellata, S. maranti | White Meranti | light hardwood | |
| Shorea sect. Richetia | S. acuminatissima, S. faguetiana, S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia, S. multiflora | Yellow Meranti | light hardwood | |
| Shorea sect. Rubroshorea | S. curtisii, S. hemsleyana, S. macrantha, S. pauciflora, S. platyclados, S. rugosa, S. singkawang, 4 other spp. | Dark red Meranti (Meranti bukit) | light hardwood | |
| S. acuminata, S. dasyphylla, S. johorensis, S. lepidota, S. parvifolia | Light red Meranti | light hardwood | ||
| S. balangeran, S. collina, S. guiso, S. kunstleri, S. ochrophloia, S. plagata | Red Balau | heavy hardwood | ||
| Shorea | S. macroptera | Melantai | light hardwood | |
| Shorea | S. negrosensis | Red Lauan | dark red-brown to brick red | |
| Shorea | S. ovata | Tianong | light red to light red-brown | |
| Shorea | S. platyclados | Meranti Bukit | light hardwood | |
| Shorea | S. polysperma | Tanguile | red to red-brown | |
| Shorea | S. robusta | Sal | ||
| Shorea | S. squamata | Mayapis | light red to red-brown | |
| Shorea | S. uliginosa | Meranti Bakau | light hardwood |
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