Isle of Wight: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

Isle of Wight
Geography
Status:	Ceremonial & Unitary County
Region:	South East England
Area: - Total - District	Ranked 46th 380 km² Ranked 122nd
Admin HQ:	Newport
:	GB-IOW
ONS code:	00MW
NUTS 3:	UKG11
Demographics
Population: - Total (2002 est.) - Density - District	Ranked 46th 134,876 355 / km² Ranked 126th
Ethnicity:	98.7% White
Politics
Flag (in detail)	Arms (in detail)
Motto: All this beauty is of God
Isle of Wight Council http://www.iwight.gov.uk/
Executive:	Liberal Democrat & Independents
MP:	Andrew Turner

The Isle of Wight is an island off the south coast of England opposite Southampton.

Its population was 132,731 in the 2001 census (and 126,600 in 1991). The island has a single MP (currently Andrew Turner), and is therefore the most populated constituency in the UK.

It is approximately diamond in shape and covers an area of 147 square miles (381 square km). The terrain is chalk downland. The River Medina flows north into the Solent. The south coast adjoins the English Channel. The famous boadbuilding firm of J. Samuel White was established here in 1802.

The Isle of Wight, along with the adjoining regions of Hampshire and Kent, was invaded and settled in the late fourth century onwards by the Jutes, who (some believe) became victims of a policy of ethnic cleansing by the West Saxons. Today, the Isle of Wight is rich in historical and archæological sites dating from the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Saxon periods onwards.

Traditionally part of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight was included in that county when the first county councils were created in 1888. However, a "Home Rule" campaign led to a separate county council being established for the Isle of Wight in 1890.

It was planned to merge the county back into Hampshire as a district in the 1974 local government reform, but a last minute change led to it retaining its county council. However, since there was no provision made in the Local Government Act 1972 for unitary authorities, the Isle had to retain a two-tier structure, with a county council and two boroughs, Medina and South Wight.

The borough councils were merged with the county council on April 1, 1995, to form a single unitary authority.

Known to residents simply as The Island, the main form of access is either by boat or hovercraft from the mainland, regular ferry services being available from Lymington, Southampton and Portsmouth. The island is also served by airports for light aircraft at Bembridge and Sandown.

Because of its accessibility and closeness to the mainland, the Isle of Wight is a popular destination for British holidaymakers, especially the seaside towns of Ryde, Sandown, Shanklin, Ventnor, Freshwater and Yarmouth, as well as other smaller towns and villages in different parts of the island.

Queen Victoria made the Isle of Wight her home for many years, and as a result it become a major holiday resort for members of European royality, all of whom were descended from her.

The island is the home of the smallest Train Operating Company in Britain's National Rail network, the Island Line, running some 8½ miles from Ryde Pier Head to Shanklin down the eastern side of the island. The island also has a steam operated heritage railway, the Isle of Wight Steam Railway, which connects with the Island Line at Smallbrook Junction.

The main annual event is the world-famous international sailing regatta, Cowes Week, which is held every August and attracts over a hundred thousand visitors to the island. Other major sailing events are held at Cowes, including the Admirals Cup in July and the Commodores' Cup in August.

A large rock festival took place near Tennyson Down, West Wight in 1970, following two smaller concerts in 1968 and 1969. The festival was revived in 2002. For a history of the festival see: http://www.isleofwightfestival.com

In 1904 a mysterious illness began to kill honeybee colonies on the island, and had nearly wiped out all hives by 1907 when the disease jumped to the mainland, and decimated beekeeping in the British Isles. Called the Isle of Wight Disease, the cause of the mystery ailment was not identified until 1921 when a tiny parasitic mite, Acarapis woodi was first described by J. Rennie. The mite inhabited the tracheae of individual bees, and greatly shortened their lifespan, causing eventual death of the colony. The disease (now called Acarine Disease) frightened many other nations because of the importance of bees in pollination. Laws against importation of honeybees were passed, but this merely delayed the eventual spread of the parasite to the rest of the world.

People born on the Island are known as Caulkheads.

The principal towns on the island are:

• Newport - The county seat.
• Cowes - A famous yachting town, at the mouth of the river Medina.
• Ryde - A seaside resort, with a long pier.
• Yarmouth
• Sandown
• Shanklin
• Brading - Close to the ruins of a Roman villa.
• Ventnor
• Bembridge

Other places of interest include:

• Carisbrooke Castle
• Osborne House
• Blackgang Chine
• Alum Bay
• The Needles

Famous residents (past and present) include:

• Alfred, Lord Tennyson
• Queen Victoria
• Julia Margaret Cameron

Literary references:

• The island is the setting of Julian Barnes's utopian novel England, England.
• The island also features heavily in The day of the Triffids and The night of the Triffids.

Musical reference:

• The Beatles' "When I'm Sixty-Four", written by Paul McCartney, refers to a rented summer cottage on the Isle of Wight.

Technology:

• In 1944 the World's first production submarine oil pipeline was laid between the Isle of Wight and France in Operation Pluto.