July 19: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining.

Events

• 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
• 1333 - Battle of Halidon Hill: the final battle of the Wars of Scottish Independence.
• 1544 - The Siege of Boulogne began.
• 1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
• 1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
• 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• 1873 - William Gosse becomes the first European to discover Ayers Rock (Uluru) and names it in honour of South Australian Premier Sir Henry Ayers.
• 1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up Holliday's New Mexico saloon.
• 1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg exploded over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada between the Royal Navy and the Regia Marina; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualities.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast postions in response to the an effective American convoy system.
• 1943 - World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in the war.
• 1945 - Montgomery Ward is seized by United States Army troops at the direction of Attorney General Francis Biddle because of its refusal to obey National War Labor Board orders. Montgomery Ward chairman Seward Avery is carried out of his office by troops
• 1947 - Burmese nationalist Aung San and 6 of his cabinet members were assassinated.
• 1948 - Games of the XIV Olympiad opened in London.
• 1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
• 1967 - A Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna 310 collided in mid-air over Hendersonville, North Carolina killing 82
• 1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
• 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the US-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
• 1985 - US Vice President George H. W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle (see Space Shuttle Challenger).
• 1985 - 268 people are killed after a dam collapse in Val di Stava, Italy.
• 1989 - A Douglas DC-10 carrying United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 but due to extraordinary efforts by the pilot and his crew, 184 on board survive.
• 2001 - UK politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer, Lord Archer of Weston-super-Mare, is sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice.
• 2005 - Death Valley, California registers a temperature of 53.9°C (129°F). A total of 12 days of 50°C (122°F) or higher was reported. Overnight temperatures of 37.8°C (100°F) or higher were also observed.

• 1670 - Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
• 1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• 1789 - John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
• 1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
• 1819 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
• 1834 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• 1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderess (d. 1927)
• 1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• 1877 - Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• 1883 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
• 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Georgian poet (d. 1930)
• 1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, second Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
• 1896 - A.J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
• 1898 - Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
• 1914 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
• 1917 - William Scranton, American politician
• 1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1922 - George McGovern, U.S. Presidential candidate
• 1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician
• 1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (1980)
• 1938 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian Astrophysicist
• 1941 - Vikki Carr, American singer
• 1946 - Ilie Nastase, Romanian tennis player
• 1947 - Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
• 1950 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
• 1960 - Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
• 1962 - Anthony Edwards, American actor
• 1965 - Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
• 1973 - Martin Powell, English keyboardist (Cradle of Filth)
• 1973 - Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
• 1978 - Topher Grace, American actor
• 1979 - Luke Young, English footballer

• 931 - Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
• 1374 - Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
• 1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, queen of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
• 1543 - Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
• 1742 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
• 1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
• 1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
• 1838 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
• 1850 - Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
• 1857 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
• 1910 - Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (b. 1812)
• 1947 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
• 1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
• 1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (b. 1884)
• 1980 - Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
• 1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
• 1998 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2002 - Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
• 2003 - Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
• 2003 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
• 2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
• 2004 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
• 2005 - John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)

• Roman festivals - Lucaria
• Malaysia - Birthday of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Ng Sembilan
• Myanmar - Martyr's Day
• Nicaragua - National Liberation Day
• Catholic - Feast of St. Vincent De Paul

July 18 - July 20 - June 19 - August 19 -- listing of all days