List of Europeans: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

This list is for well known Europeans. For a more specific list covering people from the European Union, see List of EU people

This is a list of people from Europe who had a significant impact outside of their home country ordered by their primary field of endeavour.

Architecture

• Alvar Aalto, (1898-1976)
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (1598-1680)
• Antoni Gaudí, (1852-1926)
• Walter Gropius, (1883-1969)
• Jules Hardouin Mansart, (1646–1708)
• Le Corbusier, (1887-1965)
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh, (1868-1928)
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, (1886-1969)
• Andrea Palladio, (1508-1580)

• Salvador Dalí (1904-1989), surrealist
• Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), cubism/modernism
• Hugo Pratt, (1927-1995), : Corto Maltese, cartoonist
• Leonardo da Vinci, renaissance, painted the Mona Lisa

• Charles Babbage (1791-1871) - father of computing#
• Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) - mother of computing
• Alan Turing (1912-1954) - father of modern computing
• John von Neumann (1903-1957) - father of modern computing
• Tim Berners-Lee - creator of the World Wide Web
• Linus Torvalds (born 1969) - creator of Linux

• Cristoforo Colombo - explorer, trader
• Yuri Gagarin - first human in space
• Marco Polo (1254-1324) - explorer, merchant

• Otto von Bismarck - Prussian/German chancellor
• Julius Caesar - Roman soldier and dictator
• Winston Churchill - British Prime Minister (1940-1945 and 1951-1955)
• Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) - British Prime Minister
• Francisco Franco (1892-1975) - Spanish dictator
• Charles de Gaulle - French general and President
• Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), dictator
• Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (1773-1858) - diplomat, statesman
• Napoleon I - French emperor and an author of the basic European law: Civil code

• Hildegard of Bingen - female Christian author
• Lord Byron
• Minna Canth -- one of the first notable woman authors
• Günter Grass, (born 1927), author
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) - German author
• James Joyce, (1882-1941), author of Ulysses
• Franz Kafka, (1883-1924), author of The Trial
• Emilio Lussu, (1890-1975), Italian novelist
• Elias Lönnrot -- Compiled the Kalevala
• George Orwell - author of Nineteen Eighty-Four
• Frans Emil Sillanpää -- Nobelist
• William Shakespeare (1564-1616) - English playwright
• Zacharias Topelius -- journalist, historian
• Mika Waltari

• Johann Sebastian Bach - Baroque composer
• Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) - composer
• John Lennon (1940-1980) - Musician and Beatle
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) - composer
• Jean Sibelius (1865 - 1957)
• Zoltán Kodály (1882 - 1967)

• Hannah Arendt, (1906-1975), political theorist
• Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher
• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, (1770-1831), philosopher
• Kant (1724-1804) - early modern philosopher
• Niccolo Machiavelli - author of The Prince
• Karl Marx - author of the Communist Manifesto
• Nietzsche - German philosopher
• Plato, ancient Greek philosopher
• Adam Smith (1723-1790) - author of The Wealth of Nations
• Socrates, ancient Greek philosopher
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) - philosopher
• Voltaire - Enlightenment writer

• Augustus - first Roman emperor
• Alexander the Great - king of Macedon, later conquered Persia, Egypt
• Paul Burrell
• Lady May Cambridge
• Charlemagne - conquered large parts of Europe
• King William I - King of England
• King William II - King of England
• King Henry I - King of England
• King Stephen - King of England
• King Henry II - King of England
• King Richard I - King of England
• King John - King of England
• King Henry III - King of England
• King Edward I - King of England
• King Edward II - King of England
• Queen Elizabeth I - Queen of England
• Queen Elizabeth II - Queen of the United Kingdom
• Ivan the Terrible - first Tsar of Russia
• Queen Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom
• Kaiser Wilhelm II - Kaiser of the German Empire

• Albert Einstein, German born physicist with Swiss, and later American, citizenship
• Galileo Galilei, (1564-1642), Italian astronomy pioneer
• Stephen Hawking
• Johannes Kepler, astronomer
• Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), physicist, mathematician and philosopher
• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, (1845-1923), physicist
• Artturi Ilmari Virtanen –- chemist, Nobelist
• Leonardo da Vinci

• Carl Gustaf Mannerheim -- marshall of Finland (1867 - 1951)

• Mika Häkkinen - racing driver
• Roger Bannister - runner
• Lasse Virén - runner
• Michael Schumacher, (born 1969), racing driver
• Dino Zoff, (1942-), Italian soccer player

• Mikael Agricola
• Martin Luther, (1483-1546), of the Protestant Reformation

• Anne Frank, (1929-1945), diarist and victim of the Holocaust
• Arndt Pekurinen, pacifist