November 16: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining.

Events

• 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published.
• 1384 - Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.
• 1532 - Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa.
• 1632 - The Battle of Lützen, where king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden is killed.
• 1776 - American Revolutionary War: Hessian mercenaries capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.
• 1776 - American Revolution: The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States, the first country in the world to do so.
• 1821 - American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.
• 1849 - A Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his execution is canceled at the last minute.
• 1857 - Second relief of Lucknow. The most Victoria Crosses won in a single day (24).
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee. Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.
• 1885 - Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", Louis Riel is executed for high treason.
• 1896 - First transmission of electrical power between two cities was sent from Niagara Falls to industries in Buffalo, New York. (See War of Currents.)
• 1904 - John Ambrose Fleming invents the vacuum tube.
• 1906 - Opera star Enrico Caruso is charged with an indecent act after allegedly pinching a woman's bottom in the monkey house of New York's Central Park Zoo.
• 1907 - Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory become Oklahoma and are admitted as the 46th U.S. state.
• 1914 - The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
• 1920 - Qantas, the national airline of Australia is registered as an aerial carrier under the name of “Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited”. Only KLM (now part of Air France-KLM) is older.
• 1933 - The United States and the Soviet Union establish formal diplomatic relations.
• 1940 - World War II: In response to Germany leveling Coventry two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
• 1940 - Holocaust: In Poland, Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.
• 1940 - New York City's Mad Bomber places his first bomb at a Manhattan office building used by Consolidated Edison.
• 1943 - World War II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vermork, Norway.
• 1945 - Cold War: The United States controversially imports 88 German scientists to help in the production of rocket technology.
• 1957 - Serial killer Edward Gein murders his last victim, Bernice Worden.
• 1959 - The Broadway musical, The Sound of Music, starring Mary Martin and Theodore Bikel opens at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater.
• 1965 - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.
• 1969 - The first episode of The Clangers is broadcast by the BBC.
• 1973 - Skylab program: NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.
• 1973 - US President Richard Nixon signs the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act into law, authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline.
• 1977 - Close Encounters of the Third Kind opens in theaters.
• 1979 - The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea in Bucharest, Romania.
• 1980 - Louis Althusser murders his wife and immediately confesses.
• 1981 - Luke and Laura marry on General Hospital; it is the highest-rated hour in daytime television history.
• 1988 - The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that the Estonia was "sovereign" but stopped short of declaring independence.
• 1988 - In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan choose populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister.
• 1989 - A death squad composed of El Salvadoran army troops kill six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.
• 1996 - Mother Teresa receives honorary US citizenship.
• 1997 - After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.
• 2000 - Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US President to visit Vietnam.
• 2001 - The first Harry Potter film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, is released, becoming the second highest grossing film around the world of all time.
• 2004 - X-43A scramjet becomes the fastest air-breathing jet flying at nearly Mach 10 at approx. 11,200 km/h or 3.11 km/s.
• 2004 - Half-Life 2 is released.
• 2005 - Australia qualify for the FIFA World Cup in June, 2006, for the first time in 32 years.

• 42 BC - Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. 37)
• 1603 - Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (d. 1673)
• 1717 - Jean le Rond d'Alembert, French mathematician and encyclopædist (d. 1793)
• 1720 - Carlo Antonio Campioni, Italian composer (d. 1788)
• 1766 - Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist (d. 1831)
• 1836 - David Kalakaua of Hawaii, last king of Hawaii (d. 1891)
• 1841 - Jules Violle, French physicist and inventor (d. 1923)
• 1862 - Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (d. 1944)
• 1873 - W. C. Handy, American composer (d. 1958)
• 1889 - George Kaufman, American playwright (d. 1961)
• 1892 - Guo Moruo, Chinese writer (d. 1978)
• 1894 - Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi, Austrian politician (d. 1972)
• 1895 - Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)
• 1896 - Oswald Mosley, British fascist (d. 1980)
• 1896 - Lawrence Tibbett, American actor and singer (d. 1960)
• 1905 - Eddie Condon, American musician (d. 1973)
• 1907 - Burgess Meredith, American actor (d. 1997)
• 1916 - Daws Butler, voice actor (d. 1988)
• 1922 - Gene Amdahl, American computer scientist
• 1922 - José Saramago, Portuguese writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1924 - Mel Patton, American athlete
• 1928 - Clu Gulager, American actor
• 1930 - Chinua Achebe, Nigerian author
• 1938 - Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)
• 1943 - Michael Cimino, American film director
• 1952 - Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese video game designer
• 1954 - Bruce Edwards, golf caddy (d. 2004)
• 1958 - Marg Helgenberger, American actress
• 1961 - Frank Bruno, British boxer
• 1962 - Josh Silver, American keyboardist and record producer (Type O Negative)
• 1964 - Dwight Gooden, American athlete
• 1964 - Diana Krall, Canadian singer
• 1964 - Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, Italian actress
• 1967 - Lisa Bonet, American actress
• 1967 - Craig Arnold, American poet
• 1970 - Martha Plimpton, American actress
• 1970 - John Dunn, Canadian Child Welfare Activist
• 1971 - Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer
• 1971 - Waqar Younis, Pakistani cricketer
• 1974 - Paul Scholes, English footballer
• 1977 - Oksana Baiul, Ukrainian figure skater
• 1977 - Maggie Gyllenhaal, American actress
• 1978 - Gary Naysmith, Scottish footballer
• 1980 - Kayte Christensen, American Basketball Player
• 1981 - Allison Crowe, Canadian singer and songwriter
• 1984 - Kimberly J. Brown, American actress

• 1093 - Saint Margaret of Scotland, wife of King Malcolm Canmore
• 1240 - Edmund Rich, St. Edmund of Canterbury
• 1272 - King Henry III of England (b. 1207)
• 1328 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1276)
• 1613 - Trajano Boccalini, Italian satirist (b. 1556)
• 1628 - Paolo Quagliati, Italian composer
• 1632 - King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (killed in battle) (b. 1594)
• 1695 - Pierre Nicole, French philosopher (b. 1625)
• 1724 - Jack Sheppard, English burglar (hanged) (b. 1702)
• 1745 - James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman and soldier (b. 1665)
• 1773 - John Hawkesworth, English writer
• 1779 - Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)
• 1790 - Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
• 1797 - Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744)
• 1802 - André Michaux, French botanist (b. 1746)
• 1806 - Moses Cleaveland, founder of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1754)
• 1836 - Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. 1761)
• 1885 - Louis Riel, Canadian activist and politician (b. 1844)
• 1907 - Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (b. 1848)
• 1911 - Albert Alonzo Ames, Mayor of Minneapolis (b. 1842)
• 1922 - Max Abraham, German physicist (b. 1875)
• 1939 - Pierce Butler, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1866)
• 1960 - Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)
• 1961 - Sam Rayburn, U.S. Speaker of the House (b. 1882)
• 1973 - Alan Watts, English writer (b. 1915)
• 1982 - Arthur Askey, British comedian (b. 1900)
• 1994 - Doris Speed, British actress (b. 1899)
• 1994 - Dino Valente, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (b. 1943)
• 1999 - Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1928)
• 2000 - DJ Screw, American hiphop DJ (b. 1971)
• 2003 - Bettina Goislard, French relief worker (b. 1974)
• 2005 - Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 2005 - Robert Tisch, American football team owner (b. 1926)
• 2005 - Donald Watson, founder of the Vegan Society (b. 1910)

• R.C. Saints - Saint Margaret of Scotland ; Gertrude the Great
• Also see November 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• International Day for Tolerance
• Iceland - Dagur íslenskrar tungu (Icelandic Language Day)
• Thailand - Loy Krathong festival (2005)
• USA - admission of Oklahoma, 46th state, 1907

November 15 - November 17 - October 16 - December 16 -- listing of all days