October 11: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). There are 81 days remaining.

Events

• 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1614 - Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
• 1776 - American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island - On Lake Champlain 15 American gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
• 1809 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
• 1811 - Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
• 1850 - The University of Sydney is established in Sydney, Australia, with a staff of three professors and 24 students as the nation's oldest university.
• 1862 - American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
• 1865 - Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
• 1890 - In Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
• 1899 - Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
• 1906 - San Francisco public school board sparks United States diplomatic crisis with Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
• 1910 - Ex-president Theodore Roosevelt goes on his first airplane ride, in St Louis, with Arch Hoxsey as his pilot. Roosevelt almost falls out of the airplane while waving to the crowd below and Hoxsey pulls him back. This however made Roosevelt the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane.
• 1929 - JC Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
• 1930 - Collingwood Football Club in Melbourne, Australia, won the premiership (football competition) for the fourth consecutive year.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance - On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
• 1944 - Tuvinian People's Republic or formerly Tannu Tuva was annexed by the U.S.S.R
• 1950 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however).
• 1954 - First Indochina War: The Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
• 1958 - Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
• 1962 - Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
• 1967 - Afghan Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal resigns for health reasons
• 1968 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
• 1975 - Saturday Night Live debuts with George Carlin as the guest host.
• 1982 - The Mary Rose, a Tudor gunship which sunk on July 18th 1545, is raised from the sea bed in the Solent Channel, near to Portsmouth.
• 1984 - Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
• 1986 - Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
• 1987 - March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights attracts between 500,000 and 600,000 people to protest the Bowers v. Hardwick decision and the U.S. government's handling of the AIDS epidemic; first public display of the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt.
• 1998 - A Congo Air Lines Boeing 727 is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 40
• 1999 - The Lord of the Rings movies begin principal photography.
• 2001 - The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
• 2002 - A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland. See Myyrmanni bombing.

• 1616 - Andreas Gryphius, German writer (d. 1664)
• 1661 - Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742)
• 1671 - King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730)
• 1675 - Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
• 1738 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
• 1758 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (d. 1840)
• 1788 - Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867)
• 1815 - Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, Italian-born adventurer and politician (d.1881)
• 1821 - George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905)
• 1844 - Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916)
• 1863 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (d. 1912)
• 1872 - Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
• 1881 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist
• 1884 - Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
• 1884 - Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
• 1885 - François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• 1895 - Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982)
• 1918 - Jerome Robbins, American choreographer (d. 1998)
• 1919 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
• 1919 - Jean Vander Pyl, American voice actress (d. 1999)
• 1924 - Mal Whitfield, American athlete
• 1925 - Elmore Leonard, American novelist
• 1926 - Neville Wran, Premier of New South Wales
• 1928 - Alfonso de Portago, Spanish race car driver (d. 1957)
• 1930 - Sam Johnson, American politician
• 1932 - Dottie West, American singer (d. 1991)
• 1937 - Bobby Charlton, English former professional footballer
• 1939 - Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player
• 1942 - Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor, singer, and producer
• 1943 - John Nettles, English actor
• 1946 - Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast
• 1949 - Daryl Hall, American musician
• 1951 - Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer and songwriter
• 1953 - David Morse, American actor
• 1956 - Nicanor Duarte Frutos, President of Paraguay
• 1957 - Dawn French, Welsh comedienne
• 1961 - Steve Young, American football player
• 1962 - Nicola Bryant, British actress
• 1962 - Joan Cusack, American actress and comedienne
• 1966 - Luke Perry, American actor
• 1969 - Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
• 1970 - U-God, American rapper
• 1972 - Claudia Black, Australian actress
• 1973 - Dmitri Young, baseball player
• 1974 - Jason Arnott, Canadian hockey player
• 1977 - Claudia Palacios, Colombian television journalist
• 1977 - Ty Wigginton, baseball player
• 1985 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
• 1989 - Michelle Wie, American golfer

• 1188 - Robert I of Dreux, son of Louis VI of France
• 1303 - Pope Boniface VIII
• 1347 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282)
• 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484)
• 1611 - John Cowell, English jurist (b. 1554)
• 1705 - Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
• 1708 - Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
• 1721 - Edward Colston, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1636)
• 1725 - Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (b. 1639)
• 1779 - Casimir Pulaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745)
• 1809 - Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774)
• 1811 - Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724)
• 1852 - Ferdinand Eisenstein, German mathematician (b. 1823)
• 1889 - James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818)
• 1896 - Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
• 1896 - Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)
• 1935 - Steele Rudd, Australian author (b. 1868)
• 1940 - Lluís Companys, President of Generalitat of Catalonia (shot) (b. 1882)
• 1940 - Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860)
• 1961 - Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887)
• 1963 - Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889)
• 1963 - Édith Piaf, French singer and actress (b. 1915)
• 1965 - Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895)
• 1976 - Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author (b. 1897)
• 1977 - MacKinlay Kantor, American author (b. 1904)
• 1989 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904)
• 1991 - Steven Jesse Bernstein, poet (suicide)
• 1991 - Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
• 1993 - Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927)
• 1996 - Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907)
• 2000 - Donald Dewar, First Minister of the Scottish Parliament (b. 1937)
• 2004 - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919)
• 2005 - Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister in exile (b. 1915)

• Roman Empire - Meditrinalia is held in honor of Meditrina
• RC Saints - memorial of the blessed Pope John XXIII
• United States - National Coming Out Day (not a federal holiday)
• United States - in Indiana:General Pulaski Memorial Day

October 10 - October 12 - September 11 - November 11 – more historical anniversaries