October 13: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). There are 79 days remaining.

Events

• 1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
• 1307 - All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
• 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
• 1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
• 1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
• 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
• 1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
• 1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
• 1918 - Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I
• 1943 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
• 1944 - World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is taken over by the Red Army
• 1946 - France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
• 1960 - 1960 World Series: Baseballer Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
• 1962 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
• 1972 - An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176
• 1972 - Andes flight disaster: Fairchild passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 film Alive: The Miracle of the Andes.
• 1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)
• 1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
• 1977 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
• 1982 - Mystique releases Custer's Revenge for the Atari 2600.
• 1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
• 1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
• 2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
• 2005 - Peel Day First annual BBC proclaimed "Peel Day" celebrating Life and Work of BBC DJ John Peel.

• 709 - Emperor Kōnin Japan (d. 781)
• 1162 - Leonora of England, queen of Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
• 1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)
• 1453 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
• 1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d.1515)
• 1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
• 1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
• 1713 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
• 1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
• 1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
• 1853 - Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
• 1862 - Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)
• 1876 - Rube Waddell, baseball player(d. 1914)
• 1880 - Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
• 1909 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
• 1909 - Herbert Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
• 1911 - Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
• 1915 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
• 1915 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)
• 1917 - Laraine Day, American actor
• 1917 - Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)
• 1918 - Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
• 1921 - Yves Montand, Italian-born singer and actor (d. 1991)
• 1923 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player
• 1924 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian, actor, and television personality (d. 2005)
• 1925 - Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
• 1925 - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1931 - Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)
• 1931 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer
• 1932 - Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
• 1938 - Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)
• 1940 - Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
• 1941 - Paul Simon, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist
• 1942 - Jerry Jones, American football team owner
• 1944 - Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)
• 1946 - Edwina Currie, British politician
• 1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer
• 1948 - Ted Poe, American politician
• 1950 - Dan Seals, American singer and songwriter
• 1953 - Pat Day, American jockey
• 1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
• 1956 - Chris Carter, American television producer
• 1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer
• 1959 - Marie Osmond, American singer, actress, and television personality
• 1962 - Kelly Preston, American actress
• 1962 - Jerry Rice, American football star
• 1964 - Niè Hǎishèng, Chinese astronaut
• 1969 - Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
• 1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen, British comedian
• 1971 - Pyrros Dimas, Albanian weightlifter
• 1971 - Billy Bush, American TV host (Access Hollywood)
• 1973 - Brian Dawkins, American football player
• 1973 - Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress
• 1974 - Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)
• 1978 - Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
• 1979 - Wes Brown, English footballer
• 1980 - Ashanti, American musician
• 1980 - Magne Hoset, Norwegian footballer
• 1982 - Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer

• 54 - Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
• 1282 - Nichiren Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)
• 1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1381)
• 1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)
• 1605 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
• 1673 - Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
• 1687 - Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
• 1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
• 1706 - Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
• 1715 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
• 1759 - John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
• 1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)
• 1812 - Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
• 1815 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)
• 1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria (d. 1756)
• 1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
• 1882 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
• 1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1816)
• 1905 - Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)
• 1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
• 1917 - Florence La Badie, American actress
• 1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
• 1945 - Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
• 1950 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)
• 1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)
• 1966 - Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)
• 1968 - Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
• 1974 - Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
• 1979 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
• 1987 - Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
• 1990 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
• 2002 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
• 2003 - Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 2005 - Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist

• Roman festivals - Fontanalia: festival dedicated to Fontus
• RC Saints - translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor; memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac
• Also see October 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• John Peel Day - A day celebrating the life and influence of the late John Peel.

October 12 - October 14 - September 13 - November 13 - more historical anniversaries