October 19: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.

Events

• 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
• 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole are incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
• 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
• 1781 - Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.
• 1789- Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
• 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1822 - In Parnaíba city; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias declares the Independence of State of Piauí.
• 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1953 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.
• 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
• 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1974 - Niue becomes independent from New Zealand
• 1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine (later acquitted).
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
• 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
• 1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.
• 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
• 2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island
• 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
• 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.

• 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
• 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich (d. 1591)
• 1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
• 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
• 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish protestant minister (d. 1740)
• 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
• 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
• 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
• 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
• 1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
• 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925))
• 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
• 1899 - Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian Cricketer (d. 1991)
• 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer
• 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1910 - Jean Genet, French author (d. 1986)
• 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1994)
• 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
• 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1937 - Peter Max, American artist
• 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
• 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
• 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
• 1946 - Philip Pullman English writer
• 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
• 1951 - Patricia Ireland, American President of the National Organization for Women
• 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 2003)
• 1960 - Jonathan FeBland English musician, writer and artist
• 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• 1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
• 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer, director
• 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
• 1972 - Pras, American musician
• 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player

• 727 - Saint Frideswide
• 1187 - Pope Urban III
• 1216 - King John died at Newark Castle
• 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
• 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
• 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
• 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
• 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
• 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
• 1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
• 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
• 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
• 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
• 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
• 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
• 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
• 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
• 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
• 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1982 - Cristina Pérez, World Beauty (b. 1982)
• 1992 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b. 1920)
• 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedienne and actress (b. 1916)
• 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
• 2003 - Faith Fancher, American television journalist and activist (b. 1950)
• 2003 - Alija Izetbegovic, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
• 2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
• 2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson, Inventor of the APL programming language (b. 1920

• Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
• Roman Catholic Saints - Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions; Saint Frideswide
• Also see October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Albania - Mother Teresa Day.
• Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí
• Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.

October 18 - October 20 - November 19 - September 19 - more historical anniversaries