Pulmonary edema: Meaning (information, definition, explanation, facts)

Pulmonary Edema is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of pulmonary edema include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, excessive sweating, anxiety and pale skin. If left untreated, it can lead to death, generally due to its main complication of acute respiratory shock syndrome.

Pulmonary edema is generally suspected due to findings in the medical history and physical examination: end-inspiratory crackles during ausculation (listening to the breathing through a stethoscope) can be due to pulmonary edema. The diagnosis is confirmed on X-ray of the lungs, which shows increased vascular filling and fluid in the alveolar walls.

Pulmonary edema is either due to direct damage to the tissue or as a result of inadequate functioning of the heart or circulatory system.

Circulatory causes:

• Heart failure
• Severe heart attack
• Excess body fluids from kidney failure

Tissue damage:

• inhalation of toxic gases
• severe infection
• lack of proper altitude acclimatization.

When circulatory causes have led to pulmonary edema, treatment with diuretics is the mainstay of therapy; this is generally done with furosemide or bumetanine, both powerful loop diuretics.

There are no causal therapies for direct tissue damage; removal of the causes (e.g. treating an infection) is the most important measure.

• Medical Encyclopedia entry